Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) is a comprehensive and evidence-based form of psychotherapy that was originally developed by Dr. Marsha M. Linehan to treat individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). It has since been adapted and proven effective for treating a range of mental health conditions characterized by emotional dysregulation and difficulties in managing distressing emotions.

Here are some key aspects of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT):

Dialectical Philosophy:
The term "dialectical" refers to the balance between acceptance and change. DBT emphasizes finding a balance between accepting oneself and the current situation, while also working towards making positive changes.

Targeting Emotional Dysregulation:
DBT is particularly effective for individuals who struggle with intense and rapidly changing emotions, which can lead to impulsive behaviours, self-harm, or suicidal ideation.

Four Modules:

DBT consists of four skill modules:
Mindfulness: Focuses on developing present-moment awareness and acceptance of thoughts, feelings, and sensations without judgment.

Distress Tolerance:
Teaches strategies for tolerating and surviving crises without making the situation worse.

Emotion Regulation:
Helps individuals identify, label, and regulate their emotions in a healthy and constructive manner.

Interpersonal Effectiveness:
Provides skills for assertiveness, setting boundaries, and maintaining healthy relationships.

Individual and Group Therapy:
DBT typically involves both individual therapy sessions and group skills training. The individual sessions focus on addressing specific issues and crises, while the group sessions teach and practice the DBT skills.

Validation and Problem-Solving:
DBT therapists balance validating the individual's feelings and experiences with helping them problem-solve and make positive changes in their behaviour and relationships.

Hierarchy of Treatment Targets:
DBT follows a hierarchy of treatment targets, starting with behaviours that pose an immediate threat to the individual's safety and well-being, and then addressing other life-interfering behaviours.

Therapist Consultation Team:
DBT therapists participate in a consultation team, where they receive supervision and support for their work. This team approach helps therapists stay effective and motivated in their role.

Use of Diary Cards:
Clients in DBT often use diary cards to track their emotions, behaviours, and the use of DBT skills. These cards help clients and therapists monitor progress and identify areas that need attention.

Applications Beyond Borderline Personality Disorder:
While originally developed for BPD, DBT has been adapted and shown to be effective for a range of conditions including depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, substance use disorders, and other mood disorders.

Mind-Body Integration:
DBT incorporates elements of mindfulness, which involves paying attention to the present moment, and encourages acceptance of one's thoughts and feelings. This can help individuals become more attuned to their own experiences and reduce impulsive reactions.

DBT is a structured and highly skills-based therapy that can be implemented in various settings, including individual therapy, group therapy, and intensive outpatient programs. It is most effective when provided by trained and experienced therapists. If you or someone you know is considering DBT, it's important to seek treatment from a qualified mental health professional.